Australia s Cultural And Social Change - 1517 Words

Literatures are often impacted by the author’s gender, thought, age, and view and these points may appear on the stories, characters, settings, and words. Also, readers’ these points might affect to their understanding of a story. Therefore, maybe there are different interpretations, which are depended on the readers, to one literature. A reader might find an idea from the novel’s character’s behaviours, while other reader may find different idea thorough the whole story. This essay will discuss that contemporary Australian literature contain some ideas of Australianness such as historical legacy of connection to Europe, especially England and traditional Australian ideals. Firstly, this essay will explain Australia’s connection to Europe and Australia’s change to cosmopolitan in Dead Europe. Secondly, it will discuss between Ng’s understanding, another interpretation to Dead Europe and some facts. Thirdly, it will explain Australiaâ⠂¬â„¢s cultural and social change in Summer of the Seventeenth Doll. Then, finally, it will discuss the understanding of Australia with comparing another interpretation. Lynda Ng views Christos Tsiolkas’s novel, Dead Europe, as a story, which represents Australia by its connection to Europe and globalisation and cosmopolitanism. In Ng’s article, â€Å"Dead Europe and the coming of age in Australian literature: globalisation, cosmopolitanism and perversity†, she focused on several points, which represent Australia. Firstly, Ng mentions whether it isShow MoreRelatedHistory Course Outline787 Words   |  4 PagesOutline There are four topics; * Australia in the Vietnam War Era * Changing Rights and Freedoms * People Power and Politics in the Post-war Period * Australia’s Social and Cultural History in the Post-War Period Australia in the Vietnam War Inquiry questions †¢ How did the Australian government respond to the threat of communism after WWII? †¢ Why did Australia become involved in the Vietnam War? †¢ How did various groups respond to AustraliaÂ’s involvement in the Vietnam War? †¢Read MoreEffect of Gold Rush on the Social, Political and Cultural Development of Australia781 Words   |  4 Pagesif any, did the gold rush have on the social, political and cultural development of Australia as a nation? The gold rush of the 1850’s had a major and lasting impact on Australia and changed it forever. Before gold was discovered Australia was a lawless prison colony. 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Introduction The 1978 implementation of Australia s multiculturalismRead MoreEssay on Mental Health 1376 Words   |  6 PagesThis research paper provides the history, demographics, epidemiological information about older immigrants` mental health problem in Australia, analysis of the key health issue within a country and gives clearly answer for how those problems could be improved? This research identifies the predictors of psychological distress in newly arrived older immigrants to Australia. Besides the conclusion that How health professionals are acting to modify determinants of health? As observed previously, healthRead MoreYouth And The Hip Hop Youth Culture1695 Words   |  7 Pagesliving as an external designation of affiliation and appearance. In this essay, I will analyse how globalisation, popular culture, and consumerism emerge as factors that influence the participation of young people in the hip-hop youth culture in Australia. I will also apply the human ecological theory in o rder to facilitate the understanding of factors that affect youth participation in the hip-hop culture. Culture is generally described as a way of life. It entails the meanings, values, practicesRead MoreBritish American Influence on Australia1015 Words   |  5 PagesBefore 1945, many people, including Australians themselves, considered Australia to be nothing more than a British colony whose national identity was virtually the same as the British. During this period of Australias history, our modes of entertainment, food, fashion, sporting culture and our social values and attitudes were largely dictated by British culture. One of the most significant changes to have taken place in Australian society since the end of WWII, has been its drift towards AmericanRead MoreAustrali The Smallest Continent Between The Indian And Pacific Ocean And Is A Nation Of Many Contrasts1376 Words   |  6 PagesAustralia is the smallest continent between the Indian and Pacific Ocean and is a nation of many contrasts. For instance, mainland Australia is not only the largest island but it also is the smallest and flattest continent on the planet. Australia’s capital is Canberra. Despite the fact that Canberra is the capital, other cities like Sydney, which is the largest city in the country, have more influence both locally and internationally. â€Å"Australia was once a British colony and after its discoveryRead MoreMacro Environment Analysis1011 Words   |  5 Pagesorder to better perceive the situation which GAP is facing, we could analyze the market environment from political and legal, economic, socio-cultura l, technological and competitive aspects. Those factors included the controllable and uncontrollable variables which could influence the whole market and the target consumers. Political Legal Australia government help established trade policies to protect local clothing industries from imported good through high tariffs, quotas, and subsidiesRead MoreAustralia s International Relations Between Australia And Japan1234 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Today Australia is one of the most ethnically diverse societies in the world. Almost one in every four Australian residents was born outside of the Australian boarders and many more are first or even second generation Australians. These children and grandchildren would have recently arrived as migrants or refugees, But in the ninetieth and twentieth century, Migration was not accepted the same way. Australia had various laws that aimed to keep people who were from non-european backgrounds out ofRead MoreAnthropology : Indigenous People And Tribes Essay1164 Words   |  5 PagesAnthropology: Indigenous People/Tribes Change due to Outside Contact Outside Contact does not inevitably result in depopulation, despite the fact, that in many cases, it is followed by cultural and social disintegration. I will bring up the reasons to why outside contact change tribes, and why these their cultures change over time due to outside contact. So what is Social Anthropology, and how does it relate to Australian Aborigines? Social Anthropology is the comparative study of

Field Experience In The Classroom Role Education Essay Free Essays

In a category, the aim is to hold pupils larn new constructs and absorb them to hold intending impact in their lives. While this is aspired by many, non as many instructors adopt teaching method effectual for learning. Dalton defines teaching method as â€Å" the system of rules and methods that support and facilitate effectual instruction ( 2008 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Field Experience In The Classroom Role Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now † She besides adds that â€Å" it is besides implied in the usage of the traditional term direction and in treatment of instructional attacks. † Poor usage of teaching method can bring forth chaos whereas its proper use maintains order. Keen attending is required in the organisation of the schoolroom, interaction between the instructor and pupils ; and layout of the activities. Management of category scene and lesson agendas are the other of import facets ( Dolton, 2008 ) . In my field experience, I encountered eight scenarios where I have presented the fortunes, my analysis and recommendations Case 1 I completed one hundred hours with in a 4th class category for particular instruction. In this category, there are 12 male childs and a instructor. There were besides two paraprofessionals ; one for is educational while the other is a crisis director. Although the kids were bright, they easy lost focal point to their arch battles. The crisis direction paraprofessional would shout at the pupils achieve category order. Having stayed with the pupils for many old ages, she had developed that manner of pull offing disorderliness in category. The pupils would acquire soundless because of her bullying. As for the instructor, she raised the voice with a steadfast expression to which the kids kept quiet. The crisis director, nevertheless, considered that attack excessively soft for the category and she would come in with commanding cries. The instructor had non discussed the affair with the director. I sensed she was intimidated by the older lady director to show her expostulation to manner t hat manner of managing the category. Observation, lesson and recommendation This environment is non contributing for particular instruction scholars in 4th class in particular instruction. The crisis director has conditioned the pupils to react to merely negative stimulation. This means the kids maintain quiet out of fright when threatened. This adapts them to move from bullying destructing their assurance. The instructor on her portion raises the voice to accomplish order in the category. The two ways are harmful to the development of the kids. In this instance, positive stimulation is better alternate. Aspects that good or are liked by the kids are projected to them ( Dolton, 2011 ) . For case, inquiring the kids to settle so that narrative they may larn the merriment in narrative relation. The instructor and the para-educators need to construct integrity of intent. In private meeting of the three, they should reflect on objectiveness of the category direction. Case 2 There is a female parent who professes the religion of Jehovah informant. Her boy Mekhi, is non allowed to take part in any vacation related activities ; he is therefore excluded from vacation narratives, coloring/creating vacation drawings and vacation parties in the schoolroom. The instructor offers him other work while the vacation activities are traveling on. Observation, lesson and recommendation Religious religion is a personal affair with much bearing on a truster ‘s picks. In the schoolroom scene, it presents complex relationship for group members detecting effects of contrasting credos ( Dolton, 2008 ) . It is more delicate for kids who develop sharper consciousness of their exclusion from groups due to their religion. The instructor should run into with the parent to discourse fortunes and alternate activities allowable to Mekkhi. Since vacation activities are fun with kids, alternate activities sought for him should be in Fieldss of his involvement. Finding him separate locale will assist concentrate attending of the chief category from his alone pattern. Case 3 I noticed many parents like to observe their kids ‘s birthdays in the schoolroom by directing bar and juice to school. Due to allergic reactions, some pupils get excluded from eating the bar because it may incorporate nuts. Eventually, some kids merely sit by disquieted to watch others basking the bars. The parents are cognizant that the kids enjoy cookies, confect, french friess and pizza every bit much as the bars. In add-on, these options to coat make non bring on allergic reactions in the kids. Observation, lesson and recommendation Group merriment activities are healthy environment for kids to larn interpersonal accomplishments. Their character is shaped through interaction with others. Birthday parties, for case aid kids learn do friends and pattern generousness through sharing party nutrients. Children are particularly funny when they notice physical differences such organ damage on anyone. However, they adopt the significance impressed upon them by figures of authorization like parents. In the instance of allergic reaction to nuts, the victims are detecting how restricting their status is to except them from the party. Activities that cause exclusion of a kid based particularly on natural state of affairss they have small control over is unhealthy for their societal development ( Dolton, 2011 ) . The instructor should propose the alternate nutrients acceptable to kids through a missive to all parents. Informing the parents of the recommendation early in the twelvemonth minimizes likely struggle with parents who may hold planned the birthdays. Case 4 There was a clip a pupil named Kenny had a birthday party in the schoolroom. He decided non to portion his bar and juice with pupils he did non like. He severely warned them non to accept the bar when it was offered. As the instructor passed the bar unit of ammunition, I noticed remarkably high figure of pupils decline the offer. Normally, these kids appreciated confectionary but here they respond in cold blood to the bar. The instructor solemnly urged an account from the pupils. A boy broke into cryings as he narrated about Kenny ‘s warning to them. The instructor asked Kenny to offer an apology and reconsider sharing the bar with all pupils. The category embraced Kenny with forgiveness and accepted a piece of the bar. Observation, lesson and recommendation Childs have stronger group individuality than grownups. Therefore, a kid excluded ostracized from a group through bullying is susceptible to emphasize. Passive intimidation can lay waste to a kid before a instructor detects it. In this instance survey, this instructor connects good with her pupils to feel a job from implicit symptoms ( Dolton, 2011 ) . Her attack to work outing the incident efficaciously yielded positive result. The instructor besides chose an appropriate signifier of redress. As a first case of error, Kenny was made to reflect on his action and rectify its harmful impact with an apology. The kid reconciled and resumed friendly relationship by sharing the bar in joy. Case 5 There was a male child who involuntarily wet himself in the schoolroom. The instructor did non call on the carpet him ; she merely accompanied him to the bathroom to hold him take a bath. She so took him to the office so that she could discourse the affair with his parent. Meanwhile, she ensured that the pupil did non endure farther embarrassment in the schoolroom. Observation, lesson and recommendation This is a instance of private job to an person. Although a physiological job, it sets a phase for psychological emphasis if the kid gets embarrassed or more harmful shame. The instructor was house to the category so that they understand the incident is non one of merriment. To the affected kid, she was compassionate by cleaning him. Involving the parent builds establishes more support for the kid. Stronger support empowers a kid with a natural trouble dressed ore on acquisition ( Dolton, 2011 ) . Case 6 I had spent 50 hours in first grade category 27 male childs and misss taking General Education. In this incident, the instructor had taught the pupils good manners. She defined for them appropriate was ever invariably reminding the kids about their manners. Always stating them to utilize suited scenarios to: thank person, offer aid and to open the door for others. She so demonstrated through simulations application of these interpersonal accomplishments Observation, lesson and recommendation This is a instance of role-playing. Children learn efficaciously through experiential battle ( Dolton, 2011 ) . They particularly assimilate constructs they observe from a figure of authorization. The instructor efficaciously passed on the construct of manners by practising them. When category constructs are integrated with life, acquisition is strongly effectual. Case 7 A girl stole the instructor ‘s glue gun and conceal it in her school bag. Another pupil discovered the gun gum and alerted the instructor. The instructor pulled the miss who stole the gum gun aside and spoke to her. She gave her an chance to explicate herself sing the intuition. The miss confessed the larceny, returned the stolen point and offered an apology. The instructor accepted the apology without farther penalty. Observation, lesson and recommendation This is a instance of administrating subject to an person through disciplinary redress. An incident of undiscipline requires immediate action to control cultivation negative character. However, a penalty can wound a kid ‘s psychological science irrecoverably if unsuitably administered ( Dolton, 2011 ) . Any first incident of an experience is utile to a kid ‘s acquisition. Having recognized the miss who had stolen the gum, the instructor allowed the pupil to do a confession of her act and offer an apology. It ‘s a authoritative instance of animating behavior alteration through personal contemplation. Case 8 In this instance, there was a sub-teacher who was returning file booklets category. While walked round the schoolroom, she would fling booklets to their several proprietors alternatively of passing them out. The pupils looked surprised at the behavior of the instructor. Observation, lesson and recommendation This is a instance of negative function mold by the instructor ( Dolton, 2008 ) . It is impolite for anyone to throw a file booklet to another individual. Young kids observe and copy the behavior of the instructor as an authorization upon them. The incompatibility between the theory about manners and contrary pattern renders the lesson uneffective to pupils. Decision The diverseness of the incidents offered an experiential impact of teaching method used ill or efficaciously. In instances that I was ill deployed, larning was hard or uneffective. In instance where proper methodological analysiss were adopted to pull off the category scene and pupil societal dealingss, there was effectual acquisition. How to cite Field Experience In The Classroom Role Education Essay, Essay examples

The Endless Torture of Animal Experimentation Argu Essay Example For Students

The Endless Torture of Animal Experimentation Argu Essay mentative Persuasive EssaysThe Endless Torture of Animal Experimentation Is using animals in medical research necessary? Some people would say yes, others would say no but whos right? No matter what one thinks or believes this question still remains, yet to be answered. At first this question seems like its answer lies within ones opinion and only that, but if you look closer there is a lot more to it than opinion. Feeling sorry for the animals is definitely where it starts for people who dont agree with animal testing; but thats not where it ends. Scientists and medical researchers say that animal testing is the future to finding cures. They also believe it is cruel to use animals to test our products on but there are no other options. Using animals for testing helps them figure out what will work and not work on humans. Using animals can help find cures faster and help prevent more human deaths. Although some people believe thats true, I have a different opinion. While reading arti cles from different doctors, I discovered that using animals in the medical area hasnt helped humans near what people think it has. Just because animals are living breathing creatures like us, doesnt mean their systems are anything like ours. In fact, theyre not anything like ours. There has been testing after testing done on animals to help find cures and medicine that will work on humans. After all that what do we have to show for it? A puzzle with missing pieces that we are not going to find not this way. Ray Creek, a board -certified doctor, explains why the use of animals actually slows down medical research. The simplest explanation is that animal experiments provide misleading data. At best, they tell us a good deal about how animals experience disease, but they rarely tell us something of value that can be applied to humans. Animal tests provide additional data, but not a higher level of accuracy. This very subject is something that I have always thought of, but never though t I was right. What good is it going to do us to use animals to test medicines on if its not even helping? Another statement Ray Creek said was that The General Accounting Office several years ago concluded that animal tests do not accurately predict how dangerous a drug will be in humans. In other words, drug tests on animals do not protect humans from harmful medications. It is hard for me to believe that after the horrible instances which have occurred, that they would continue to use this procedure. Especially where it does no good, and harms defenseless animals as well. The last thing that Ray talked about was focused on the study of AIDS. One area where human data has contributed far more than animal studies is in the area of infectious disease research, specifically the study of AIDS. An animal virus can be 99.9% similar to its analog in humans and still be completely different. A virus is a long chain, like a long series of letters, and if you take out one letter you have an entirely different word. That is why animal viruses are useless as a research tool. I really think that Rays point is a strong one. Using animals for the study of medicines ; specifically the use of AIDS research, is appearing to be useless isnt it? Using animals has helped research a little, but was it because they really worked or was it merle a coincidence that they happened to work? If one also considers the pain of the animals involved is it really worth it? Lets let you decide. Here are a few stories told by Neal Barnard, M.D., that I would like to share. Ratsky is the name I gave a small white rat I took home from the collage psychology lab many years ago. My first lesson in animal rights was taught by this little animal. The introductory course in psychology at my college used rats that were deprived of water for three days and then put into a Skinner Box (a box which delivers a few drops of water when a bar is pressed by the thirsty animal inside). At the end of the course , the rats are put together in a trash can, chloroform is pored over them and the lid is closed. What was gained by this experiment? Probably useful information for the students performing the experiment, and thats fine; but why did they have to kill them? There are other alternatives other choices that those students could have made. Neal shares another story about students who could also sign up to implant electrodes into a rats skull to show that electrical stimulation of the brain can affect behavior. During the implantation procedure, a stereotaxic device holds the rats head still, its metal bars thrust into both ear canals, breaking the eardrums. My professors response to my concern about the effects of this procedure on the rats was a joke. Well, I guess he wont be able to listen to his stereo in the morning. I was struck by the callousness of his remark. I was sufficiently desensitized myself that I proceeded without batting an eyelash. This experiment is one that was total ly unnecessary. The information gained here could have been gained some other way. That was a cruel ; sick way to gain some of information that could have been found in your book. There are other ways they can get the information needed, even if it takes a little bit of research. Here is a prime example of what I am talking about. Callaways Chemical Plant in Columbus, Georgia had to determine which of its dozens of new chemical products each year should be classified as corrosive. In tests required by the U.S. Department of Transportation,( DOT) the company paid a commercial laboratory $400 to $1200 per test to shave the hair off a rabbits back, then drizzle on a sample of wounds minutes to days later indicated the samples corrosivity. Last year, the company found a way out of its dilemma in the form of Corrositex, an in vitro test approved by DOT in 1993 as a substitute for the traditional rabbit skin test. Developed by California-based In Vitro International (IVI), the test gauges corrosivity according to the time required for a chemical sample to break through a skinlike protein membrane. The method yields results within a few hours and for as little as $100 per test, according the IVI. I wish that more companies would take the time to do what that company did. Realizing that animals are not hear just to perform experiments on, would be a big improvement in todays society. A man named Pave Pasquarelli has AIDS it was difficult for him at first to accept that fact that animal testing wasnt going to be able to help him. In an article written by him in the Tribune News Service he said, In their attempts to malign supporters of animal rights, these diseased minds claim that many people with AIDS are staying healthy longer because of medications developed through animal testing. However, they offer no bona fide proof of such medications or types of animal testing that have proved beneficial in bringing these medications to market. Even if such proof were offere d, this does not give human beings the right to utilize other creatures lives for their own purposes or negate the pain and suffering endured by animals in lab tests. Imagine what it must be like to have AIDS ; fully admit that one of scientists biggest hopes for helping you live is a failure. It took a lot of guts for him to study up ; talk to doctors wanting to know the truth, ; being able to accept it. Dr. Wendeline L. Wagner, a veterinarian at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, gave a speech at the annual meeting of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science in Minneapolis. Her speech was on about what to say to avoid conflict when asked the question What do you do at work?. In response they ask her How can you do that?, and her well knowing what they meant she responds with How can I do what? How can you kill animals all day?, they ask. She responds with, Thats a small part of my day. Just hearing that makes my stomach turn. How someone can be so cruel is b eyond me. She goes on in her speech saying that rephrasing peoples sentences makes all the difference. Here she gives an example of what to say. For instance instead of saying I kill animals all day and cut them apart to find out why they died, say, I determine the cause of illness and death in research animals.' While that last sentence sounds much better, the first one is still true. It seems to me thats kind of like putting a dog on a lake in a boat full of holes, the dog drowns and you want to give it an autopsy to find out why it died. It doesnt make much sense. At the end of her talk this veterinarian ends with how to manipulate concersations ; talk about things that gets their mind off of what they really do. Its also good to Manipulate conversations so as to discuss the things youd rather talk about. For instance, we have an animal-care person who looks after our pigs. If someone asks him what he does for a living, he could just say, I take care of pigs in research. But a be tter answer includes a little story. He might say, I take care of pigs that are used in transplant studies, and boy, does that smell terrible at eight oclock in the morning. But you know, when they get to know me and start gnawing on my boots and begging to have their backs scratched, it isnt too bad. This makes the situation believable and diverts listeners. All I am saying is why subject these poor animals with endless torture if it isnt necessary? According to more than a few Doctors, animal testing isnt helping us progress and if anything it is slowing us down. So to answer my question I have addressed throughout this whole paper, no it is not necessary, nor helpful to continue to practice our medicines ; questions on helpless animals. .ucb5f5a3f3687d40cd2d197693390f6e0 , .ucb5f5a3f3687d40cd2d197693390f6e0 .postImageUrl , .ucb5f5a3f3687d40cd2d197693390f6e0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucb5f5a3f3687d40cd2d197693390f6e0 , .ucb5f5a3f3687d40cd2d197693390f6e0:hover , .ucb5f5a3f3687d40cd2d197693390f6e0:visited , .ucb5f5a3f3687d40cd2d197693390f6e0:active { border:0!important; } .ucb5f5a3f3687d40cd2d197693390f6e0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucb5f5a3f3687d40cd2d197693390f6e0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucb5f5a3f3687d40cd2d197693390f6e0:active , .ucb5f5a3f3687d40cd2d197693390f6e0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucb5f5a3f3687d40cd2d197693390f6e0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucb5f5a3f3687d40cd2d197693390f6e0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucb5f5a3f3687d40cd2d197693390f6e0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucb5f5a3f3687d40cd2d197693390f6e0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucb5f5a3f3687d40cd2d197693390f6e0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucb5f5a3f3687d40cd2d197693390f6e0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucb5f5a3f3687d40cd2d197693390f6e0 .ucb5f5a3f3687d40cd2d197693390f6e0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucb5f5a3f3687d40cd2d197693390f6e0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Human Nature Persuasive Essay

Persuasive Speech Essays - Babycare, Diapers, Childrens Clothing

Persuasive Speech Title: The Harms of Disposable Diapers General Purpose: To Persuade Specific Purpose: To discourage the audience from using disposable diapers. Pattern of organization: Refutative I Introduction A) Survey says children. Would rather use disposable diapers. Nothing wrong with disposable. B) Well, in reality there are negative effects from using disposable diaper that can affect the environment and the health of you and your children. C) Do best for family D) Educate on the impact that producing, using, and disposing II Body A) Production impact 1) Environmental and health concerns right to doorstep. Chop down four or five trees to make 500 kg of fluffy wood pulp baby will use in 2 ? years. (Catherine McDiarmid, 1997 Environmental Concerns) Then you will need just for your child, over 2,800 cubic meters of nonrenewable natural gas to make 325 kg of plastic for the waterproof backing and packaging for the 6,000 disposable diapers your child will use. 2) (Jane McConnell, 1998, The Joy of Cloth Diapers) It takes about 82,000 tons of plastic and a quarter million trees to manufacture the disposable diapers that cover the bottoms of 90% of the babies born in the U.S. each year. 3) (The Canadian Cloth Diaper Association, 1997, The Facts: Cloth Versus Disposable Diapers) For the convenience of using disposable diapers, you are helping release wastewater produced by processing the pulp, paper and plastic that contains solvents, sludge, heavy metals, unreacted polymers, dioxins, and furans that will make their way into your neighborhood air and water. B) Health hazards 1) Forget environment, toxic chemicals and baby. (Candace Brecevic, 2000, Disposing of Disposables) Newborn skin has an underdeveloped outer layer, through which chemicals are more readily absorbed and into the fat cells. 2) (Jane McConnell, 1998, The Joy of Cloth Diapers) Disposable diapers subjects your babies skin to a chemical by-product of the paper bleaching process known as Dioxin. Trace quantities may exist in the diapers themselves and the chemical has been known to cause birth defects, liver damage, and skin diseases. 3) Babies exposed to questionable chemicals. Sodium polyacrylate (Jane McConnell, 1998, The Joy of Cloth Diapers) this is what makes superabsorbent diapers so absorbent. This material absorbs up to 100 times its weight in water. (Candace Brecevic, 2000, Disposing of Disposables) Studies show that when this chemical becomes wet it is even more absorbent and pulls moisture from baby's body. Sodium polyacrylate is the same substance that was removed from tampons in 1985 because of its link to toxic shock syndrome. No studies have been done on the long-term effects of this chemical being in contact with a baby's reproductive organs 24 hours a day for upwards of two years. 4) Feel dry when wet. Less frequent changing. Longer exposure to bacteria from urine, which can cause diaper rash or other bacterial infections. Plastic does not breath to let out the ammonia formed in the bacterial breakdown of urine. 5) With all the chemicals (2000, Disposable Diapers Linked to Asthma) A Study published in the October, 1999 issue of the Archives of Environmental Health found that laboratory mice exposed to various brands of disposable diapers suffered increased eye, nose, and throat irritation, including bronchoconstriction similar to that of an asthma attack. 6) Another issue is safety, (Candace Brecevic, 2000, Disposing of Disposables) some disposable diapers have been linked to suffocation. The plastic exterior of the diaper is removable to aid in disposal. However, it can be removed by your baby and can be as dangerous as letting them play with a plastic bag. The absorbent padding with the sodium polyacrylate can also be pulled apart by your baby and stuffed into their mouth and nose. To top it off, the sticky tabs are not always strongly attached and if removed may be ingested. C) Disposing of Disposables 1) Exposing child to questionable chemicals, bacterial infection, and suffocation. Remove t soiled diaper, flushing the human waste, throw in trash ( Catherine McDiarmid, 1997,Environmental Concerns) you will be adding 214 pounds of raw fecal matter into our landfill sites which are not designed to handle human waste. As many as 100 viruses can survive in your babies soiled diaper for up to two weeks, including live polio viruses, excreted from your recently vaccinated baby. Rainwater washing through dumps can carry these viruses into underground streams and from there

Nth

Nth After watching the movie, ‚ ¡Ã‚‚ °Empire of the Sun‚ ¡, I observed that the Character, Jim, had changed through out the story from a child to an adult. It was a big change to the character, because Jim was totally a boy who always relies on his parents, thinking that his parents will solve the problems for him; and now, he learned how to take care of himself and to be independent. And one of the things he learned most was that what the world outside is like, an ugly society that everyone would do anything just to get a potato.He found out the way of life is just what it is, you have to follow the world or you will not be able to survive. The world is a place where unpredictable things will happen, just like Jim, he would never thought of working so hard just for a potato; if he hadn‚ ¡Ã‚‚ ¯t play a joke with the Morse code, he wouldn‚ ¡Ã‚‚ ¯t have gotten in to the war.English: A commercially manufactured paddle for us...

Addressing Medication Errors Occurring in Nursing

In any healthcare scenario, the process of achieving effective therapeutic outcomes depends on various factors like treatment process, patient safety, communication, nursing care, drug interventions etc. (Fletcher, Fletcher & Fletcher, 2012). Any kind of minor or major mistake in any of these factors can lead to drastic loss of patient health and healthcare organisation. Out of these factors drug intervention or medication is the most fundamental requirement to achieve treatment. Any kind of mistake or negligence in drug intervention process can result in direct side effect on patient’s health (Grove, Burns & Gray, 2014). According to Raban & Westbrook (2014), medication error is reported to be a reason for thousands of demises and millions of hospitalisation globally. Hence, fixation of any medication error becomes a fundamental requirement in healthcare scenario. The medication administration and management is one of the fundamental nursing roles that critically depend on the nursing skills and knowledge. The nursing staffs have the responsibility to administrate, monitor and manage the drug intervention for hospitalised patients. Therefore, continuous observance, alertness and approaches are required in healthcare scenario to avoid the potential chances of medical error (Grove, Burns & Gray, 2014). According to Unver, Tastan & Akbayrak (2012) studies the proper definition for medication error is â€Å"any avoidable incident that risks to incongruous medication use causing or leading patient harm, although being under the control of medical professional, carer or consumer†. The medication error incidences are related to healthcare products, medical practices, medical prescriptions, procedures, nursing practices, product labelling, compounding, distribution, education, dispensing, monitoring, utilisation and communication. Any kind of negligence in these events can lead to medication errors. Therefore, adopting best possible strategies to avoid this medication error in healthcare scenario is one of the major priority concerns (Fletcher, Fletcher & Fletcher, 2012). As a registered nurse, it is been noticed in my clinical scenario that issue of medication error is gaining a possible position where around 60% risk event in hospital occur due to medication negligence’s in the nursing care unit. Some of the most common factors related to these medication errors are new staff, insufficient training, incorrect administration technique, prescription errors (incorrect dosage), expired medication usage, wrong patient identification, and preparation errors (mixing incorrect multiple medications, dose calculation errors). These factorial causes of medication error indicate nursing medication negligence in the clinical scenario. Therefore, it is critically required to minimise these events and manage medication error to improve medical care facility provided by nursing care unit. This Quality Improvement Project is specifically designed to manage this issue of medication error in healthcare scenario. The various negligence’s and issues in nursing care will be addressed as per the quality improvement process provided in this project to get a control over events of medication error in the organisation. The medication errors described above are clearly indicating the lack of knowledge, calibre and guidance provided to the nursing staff of the hospital. The administration, prescription and preparation errors directly specify the issue in nursing skills and practice. Therefore, this quality improvement project will work to improve the nursing skills by providing a Short-term Periodic Training (STPT) Program that will acknowledge the staff about different strategies to avoid such medication error while dealing with patients in the hospital. This nursing training program is safe and specifically developed to improve nursing practice within the short duration of time to improve medical care. The aim of this quality improvement project will be to implement Short-term Periodic Training Program (STPT program) to overcome nursing issues and mishandling that are increasing the risk of medication errors in healthcare scenario of selected organisation. The medication error is always considered to be a major clinical issue because it directly affects the patient safety and treatment process. Any kind of minor negligence in medication process is prone to develop major clinical consequences (Fletcher, Fletcher & Fletcher, 2012). This project will help to decrease the risk cases occurring due to medication errors caused by mishandling and negligence’s of nursing staff in the healthcare organisation. The Short-term Nursing Program will work to overcome the identified factors leading to the medication error in nursing care unit causing high risk to patient safety. Hence, this quality improvement intervention will help to overcome the medication error harming medical care process. The establishment of patient safety and health betterment is the very first priority of quality healthcare services management. There are various faults and errors that lead to the imbalance in quality outcomes where medication error holds a top most position. After doctors prescribe a medicine the major role players are the nurses whose fundamental work is to manage the treatment of their patient (Grove, Burns & Gray, 2014). According to a recent study related to Medication Safety in Australia provided by Chiang et al. (2010) the faults in nursing administration leads to 70% medication errors. Faults like wrong dose, wrong rate, wrong volume or dose incompatibility were reason of 90% medication error in nursing care unit resulting in surgical requirement, long patient stay and permanent health defects in the patients. Unver, Tastan, & Akbayrak (2012) studied the causes of medication error as per nurse’s viewpoint where the findings indicated more than ten leading factors of medication error responded by paediatric nurses. The major once were stress (70%), burnout (45%), complicated prescription (30%), unfamiliar medicines (40%), work pressure (35%), knowledge deficiencies (20%), and lack of facilities (4%). Further, in a survey studied by Pham et al. (2012) indicated that majority of nursing staff is not aware of the correct form of medication error. Only 20% nurses mentioned medication error as the wrong dose, incorrect time of dose, and wrong mode of transmission and wrong administration process. However, rest 80% of nurses mentioned medication error as lack of documentation and reporting as the medication error. Hence, this literature indicated a lack of proper nursing education that detects the wrong perceptions of nurses about medication error. Kalisch & Aebersold (2010) indicated that nursing experience and education is one of the critical factors that is directly linked to medication error. The less experienced and skilled nurses cause 50% of medication errors that includes wrong patient, incorrect dilution calculations, incorrect dosage, incorrect administration and improper reporting. Seys et al. (2012) supported by indicating that naà ¯ve nurses are generally not able to recognise their medication error as well as they lack proper knowledge in warrant reporting. This indicates a lack in professional training system of the healthcare organisation. In the study of Sears, Goldsworthy & Goodman (2010) related to nurse’s viewpoint on medication error, it is clearly indicated that lack of pharmacological knowledge is a major reason for medication error as per viewpoint of 237 professional nurses. Hence, this directly indicates a requirement of improved training intervention in nursing practice. Chhabra et al. (2012) studied in a survey that 80% of new nurses commit medication error in first six months of their nursing practice where 70% remained unreported by them and 10% caused serious health hazards to the patient. There are different strategies and programs implemented at various organisations in a different manner to cope up with the medication error. Agyemang & While (2010) Opine the use of different strategies to avoid three major causes that are knowledge gaps, performance lapse, and failure of the safety system of medication. The strategies of MEDMARX program are described below: - Further, Mueller et al. (2012) studied that E-learning is the most contemporary form of nursing education with the help of which nurses can get instant solutions for their issue related to medication process. This e-learning strategy helped to improve pharmaceutical knowledge and dosage calculation for nurses. The E-learning facility is new to nursing practices but possesses potential positive outcomes. Seys et al. (2012) studied the use of one nursing education program named as SCRIPT study that was developed to improve the issues like unreadable prescriptions, improper antibiotics documentation, and poor communication leading to medication error. The SCRIPT abbreviation was used in a manner to detail educational message about the program that indicated, S : Senior doctor cross-check, C: Check allergies, R : wRite indications for antibiotics, I: (Initial Date) of charting medicine in parenthesis, P: PRINT and sign your name, T: Appropriate Targets for infusions in the nurs ing practice. The post education results indicated a decrease in prescription error, dose infusions and communication errors. Mohammad et al. (2010) studied an Evidence-based quality improvement program (IQ program) used in hospitals of sixteen states where 30% of 616 critical care hospitals participated in program implementation. The findings indicated that project was successful in improving medication quality and safety in 90% of hospitals. The program used five strategies that are maintaining skilled nursing and pharmacist staff, use of pharmacological reconciliation techniques, implementing technological software’s (telehealth), improving nurse workflow and improving cultural defects in the organisation. Kwan et al. (2013) indicated that reviewing and updating service techniques with education and training on the periodic basis is effective to refine the nursing staff as per dwelling issues and problems in healthcare. This periodic training program can help to regularly update healthcare services as per the changing environmental complex situations. This Quality Improvement research proposal will work to rectify the on-going medication errors that clearly highlight a lack of pharmaceutical knowledge, skills and training in the nursing staff of the organisation. The identified issue are insufficient training, incorrect administration technique, prescription errors (incorrect dosage), expired medication usage, wrong patient identification, and preparation errors (mixing incorrect multiple medications, dose calculation errors) that are leading to medication error establishment. Therefore, to overcome these factors that dwell medication error a Short-term Periodic Training Program (STPT) will be proposed in this project that will help to overcome these issues in the clinical scenario. This STPT will be a short-term 5 days training that will be provided to nursing staff of organisation in every six months to address the identified medication errors. As per the detected causes of medication error, this STPT will be designed and modified in every 6 month period by the experts to upgrade the nursing education and knowledge to cope up with changing healthcare environment and to address the medication errors for medical care improvement. This STPT program will involve an array of five strategies where each strategy will be guided to nurses on each day of the program. These strategies will be produced as per the identified medication error and mistakes in healthcare functionality. The establishment of STPT program will help to achieve equilibrium to manage the regular issues in medication services as well as the program will work to regularly upgrade the skills, education and knowledge of nursing staff within the organisation. Hence, this intervention will provide a regular process to control the medication complexity and establish the proper working environment. This quality improvement intervention will be planned using PDSA approach to regularly analyse the outcomes of this program. According to Nakayama et al. (2010) P-plan, D-do, S-study and A-act is a cycle that helps to analyse the impact of any trail or change in particular scenario. The planning phase involves the planning of change, do phase involves the implementation of change, study phase is accessing or studying the outcomes of change, and act phase involve determining the modification required in next change cycle. PDSA is considered as the ideal model of improvement. Figure 1: PDSA approach for quality improvement (Source: Nakayama et al. 2010, p. 337) In this project, PDSA cycle will be used to implement and test the effect of STPT program for addressing medication error. The below provided is the PDSA design and processes that will lead to development and evaluation of quality improvement program STPT for addressing the medication error in the present clinical scenario.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Determining the current approach  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Identifying the potential solutions For the planning phase, the required authorities that include management committee, medical specialists, senior nursing staff and senior pharmacist will be invited to attend a meeting where the medication issues identified will be discussed in details. The aim statement will be to educate nursing staff as per the identified medication error causes in the clinical scenario. The issues will be identifies using the baseline performance audit and health information data of the involved patients. As per the discussion, possible solutions or strategies will be identified to manage these issues. As the current issues are lack of pharmaceutical knowledge, skills and training in nursing staff the proposed training and education strategies are: -  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Educating about five rights of medication administration that are the right drug, right patient, right time, right route and right dosage.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Educating about reconciliation procedures  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Educating about e-learning process to improve knowledge  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Educating about process to documenting medication information and reporting medication error  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Guiding about the use of drug guide and suggesting to carry it all the time (Jones & Treiber, 2010).  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Analyse the improvement theory  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Initiate the STPT program intervention  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Collect the data to analyse  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Document the collected information The education program will be conducted with complete medical, pharmaceutical and surgical nursing staff. The program process will be carried for five days (2 hours) where each day a particular strategy will be taught by nursing teachers to the staff using audio-visual presentations. The education program will be designed as time efficient and simple. After the completion of the program a feedback form will be generated that is required to be filled by each participant of the program. This feedback data will help to analyse the effectiveness of program among audiences. After the completion of the educational program, a post-intervention will be checked for next five-week to detect the improvements in medication errors.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Studying and analysing the collected data  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Identifying the errors and improvements In this phase of PDSA analysis, the collected feedback and audit information will be analysed to detect the improvement in medication error factors, mortality and serious hospitalisation, and impact on nursing staff for the implemented STPT program.    ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Re-analysing the STPT program strategies  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Establishing future strategies This phase of PDSA cycle is to re-examine the error in program development and implementing the possible solution for mistakes detected as per analysis. The modifications will be made in program education strategies in the next STPT program as per the identified medication errors in clinical functionality. As per this quality improvement project of implementing a Short-term periodic training program to overcome medication error in organisation, it is expected that findings will demonstrate a clear decrease in the medication error events and improvement in patient safety. The PDSA approach applied for quality improvement development and analysis allows reviewing the program strategy in every periodic repetition of STPT program. Hence, this technique can be modified as per post education intervention outcomes using PDSA model of quality improvement. Fletcher, R. H., Fletcher, S. W., & Fletcher, G. S. (2012).  Clinical epidemiology: the essentials. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Grove, S. K., Burns, N., & Gray, J. R. (2014).  Understanding nursing research: Building an evidence-based practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. Agyemang, R. E. O., & While, A. (2010). Medication errors: types, causes and impact on nursing practice.  British journal of Nursing,  19(6). Chhabra, P. T., Rattinger, G. B., Dutcher, S. K., Hare, M. E., Parsons, K. L., & Zuckerman, I. H. (2012). Medication reconciliation during the transition to and from long-term care settings: a systematic review.  Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy,  8(1), 60-75. Chiang, H. Y., Lin, S. Y., Hsu, S. C., & Ma, S. C. (2010). Factors determining hospital nurses' failures in reporting medication errors in Taiwan.  Nursing outlook,  58(1), 17-25. Jones, J. H., & Treiber, L. (2010). When the 5 rights go wrong: medication errors from the nursing perspective.  Journal of Nursing Care Quality,  25(3), 240-247. Kalisch, B. J., & Aebersold, M. (2010). Interruptions and multitasking in nursing care.  The joint commission journal on quality and patient safety,36(3), 126-132. Kwan, J. L., Lo, L., Sampson, M., & Shojania, K. G. (2013). Medication reconciliation during transitions of care as a patient safety strategy: a systematic review.  Annals of internal medicine,  158(5_Part_2), 397-403. Mohammad Nejad, I., Hojjati, H., Sharifniya, S. H., & Ehsani, S. R. (2010). Evaluation of medication error in nursing students in four educational hospitals in Tehran.  Iranian Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine,  3, 60-69. Mueller, S. K., Sponsler, K. C., Kripalani, S., & Schnipper, J. L. (2012). Hospital-based medication reconciliation practices: a systematic review.Archives of internal medicine,  172(14), 1057-1069. Nakayama, D. K., Bushey, T. N., Hubbard, I., Cole, D., Brown, A., Grant, T. M., & Shaker, I. J. (2010). Using a plan-do-study-act cycle to introduce a new OR service line.  AORN journal,  92(3), 335-343. Pham, J. C., Aswani, M. S., Rosen, M., Lee, H., Huddle, M., Weeks, K., & Pronovost, P. J. (2012). Reducing medical errors and adverse events.  Annual review of medicine,  63, 447-463. Raban, M. Z., & Westbrook, J. I. (2014). Are interventions to reduce interruptions and errors during medication administration effective?: a systematic review.  BMJ quality & safety,  23(5), 414-421. Sears, K., Goldsworthy, S., & Goodman, W. M. (2010). The relationship between simulation in nursing education and medication safety.  Journal of Nursing Education,  49(1), 52-55. Seys, D., Wu, A. W., Van Gerven, E., Vleugels, A., Euwema, M., Panella, M., ... & Vanhaecht, K. (2012). Health care professionals as second victims after adverse events: a systematic review.  Evaluation & the health professions, 0163278712458918. Unver, V., Tastan, S., & Akbayrak, N. (2012). Medication errors: perspectives of newly graduated and experienced nurses.  International journal of nursing practice,  18(4), 317-324.

The Likelihood of Success That Halliburton Can Achieve Essay

The Likelihood of Success That Halliburton Can Achieve - Essay Example There is an increasing concern among corporate houses to manage the current and the emerging issues that are being faced by them. This is required in order to create an effective management and maintain a competitive edge over its competitors. If the issues are not resolved by the management in a timely manner then this is likely to impact the financial performance of the company and raise the question of the credibility of the corporate governance. The most important task of the management is to identify the prioritized critical issues that are being faced by the organization. The effectiveness of resolving the issues depend on the identification of the problems and allocation of the top management in resolving that issue. Corporate scandals have an immense impact on the credentials of a business. The past decade had witnessed a major increase in the rate of the corporate scandals which had significantly impacted the profitability of a business. Corporate scandals have become an imp ortant source of loss of investor confidence in the company. A root cause of this failure has been identified in the â€Å"command and control† nature of these corporations which follows a top-down approach to management with a single board dictating the policies. Owing to these complex procedures that raise the chances of corporate scandals, organizations are now being increasingly forced to adopt a simpler managerial structure that is guided by flexibility. This is essentially a secondary research that will use data from secondary resources and interpret the problems that have been faced by the company and the way in which it has been successful or unsuccessful in handling the issues. The report tries to analyze the likelihood of success that Halliburton can achieve. This report will use the academic framework of SWOT to identify the issues that are being faced by Halliburton.